A simple path from data to display
Write the question in one sentence
Decide what a reader should learn or compare. Let that question guide which fields you need.
Check the data before charting
Look for missing values, duplicates, inconsistent units, time gaps, and category names that mean the same thing.
Pick a chart that fits
Use bars for category comparisons, lines for change over time, and a table when readers need exact values. Choose maps only when location is part of the question.
Add the context around the visual
Include a descriptive title, units, dates, source, and a concise note about important limits.
Check readability and access
Use sufficient contrast, direct labels, clear reading order, and a text summary for people using assistive technology.
Quick chart-choice guide
This guide graphic illustrates chart-selection categories; bar lengths are decorative, not measurements.
When should I use a pie or donut chart?
Use one only when showing a small number of parts that add to a meaningful whole. If readers need to compare close values, a bar chart is usually easier to read.
How should I label uncertainty?
Explain the source of uncertainty in plain language and show an interval or range when it helps the reader understand the estimate. Do not imply more precision than the data supports.
What belongs in a chart source note?
Name the publisher or data owner, dataset or report, date or version, and a link when available. For survey results, include the sample and collection method nearby.